சங்க இலக்கியத்தில் பெருமிதம்

rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy; ngUkpjk;

,uh.[Pth>

KJfiyj; jkpo;j;Jiw>cjtpg;Nguhrphpah;>

tp.,.eh.nre;jpf;Fkhu ehlhh; fy;Y}hp>tpUJefh;

Kd;Diu:

          “eifNamOif ,sptuy; kUl;if

          mr;rk; ngUkpjk; ntFspctif nad;W

          mg;ghy; vl;Nlk; nka;g;gh nld;g”

                                  (nka;g;ghl;bay;-3)

vd;fpwhh; njhy;fhg;gpah;. nka;g;ghL vd;gJ nghUs; Gyg;ghL vd;gJ mjd; nghUshFk;. cs;sj;J epfOk; nghUis cly; topahf nka; topahf ntspg;gLj;JtJ.

          “fy;tp jWfz; ,irik nfhilnadr;

          nrhy;yg;gl;l ngUkpjk; ehd;Nf”

                                  (njhy;-nghUs;-257)

mjhtJ fy;tp> jWfz;> ,irik nfhil vDk; ehd;Fk; nghUs; gw;wpf; $WtJ ngUkpjk;. gpwNuhL xg;g epy;yhJ cah;e;J epw;wy; ,jid tPur;Rit vd;Wk; $Wth;. ,t;ntspg;ghL rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy; Gyg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sikia Muha;tNj ,f;fl;Liuapd; Nehf;fkhFk;.

ngUkpjj;jpd; ntspg;ghL:

          ngUkpj nka;g;ghL

1.   fy;tp

2.   jWfz;ik (tPuk;)

3.   Gfo;

4.   nfhil Mfpait VJthfg; gpwf;Fk;.

fy;tp:

         jtKjyhfpa gpr;ir gw;wpg; gpwj;jy;

          ty;yhh;Kd; nrhy;ty;Nyd;

vd;gJ fy;tp gw;wpa ngUkpjkhFk;.

    

          xU FLk;gj;jpy; gpwe;j gyh; ,Ue;jhYk; fw;wwpe;j gps;isapidNa murd; mioj;J rpwg;G nra;thd; vd;Wk; ehy; rhjpapDk; fw;wwpe;jtd; rhjpNa Nky; vd;Wk; $Wtjhf ghly; mikfpwJ.

          “xUFbg;gpwe;j gy;Nyhh; cs;Sk;

          %j;Njhd; tUf vd;dhJ mtUs;

          mwpTilNahd; MW murk; nry;Yk;

          Ntw;Wik njhpe;j ehw;ghy; cs;Sk;

          fPo;g;ghy; xUtd; fw;gpd;

          Nkw;gpy; xUtDk; mtd;fl;gLNk”

                                 (Gwk;-183)

          vd;fpwJ GwehD}W. mjhtJ fy;tp fhuzkhfNth tPuk; fhuzkhfNth cah;e;J epw;Fk;NghJ ngUkpjk; Vw;gLfpwJ.

jWfz;:

          mQ;rj;jf;fd fz;l ,lj;J mQ;rhik fhjyhy; cod;w xUtd;> jd; fhjy; if$lhJ gyehs; JaUw;whd;. gpd;dh;> mtis kze;J te;jNghJ> vt;thW ,J tha;j;jNjh? vd;W mtd; Njhoh;fs; Nfl;f mtd; tpsf;Ffpd;whd;.

          “mly; khNky; Mw;WNtd; vd;id kly;khNky;

          kd;wk; glh;tpj;jts; - thop> rhd;wPh;!

ngha;jPh; cyfk; vLj;j nfhbkpir

ikmW kz;byk; Ntl;lds; - itak;

GuR Cf;Fk; cs;sj;Njd; vd;id ,uT Cf;Fk;

,d;dh ,Lk;ig nra;jhs;”

                                  (fyp-141)                 

          Nghh;f;fsj;jpNy td;ikahd Nghh;f;Fjpiu NkypUe;J Nghh;GhpAk; Mw;wYilatdhfpa vd;id> ,e;j kld;khtpy; Vwr; nra;J> ,g;gb kd;wj;jpNy te;Jk; epw;fj;Jah; nra;jhNs? mts; tho;f;! rhd;Nwhh;fNs> mtd; tho;f! ngha;ikaw;w cyfj;J> cah;e;Njhd; cah;j;Jg; Nghw;Wfpd;w ,Us; xopf;Fk; Qhapw;W kz;byk; Nghd;W ,Uf;fpd;whs; mts;> itafnky;yhk; thOkhW nra;fpd;w cs;sKila vd;id> ,ue;J Ntz;bj;jphpAk; epiyapNy rPuopaf; nfhba Jauj;jpidAk; tpistpj;jhNs? mk;kk;k! ,Us; gue;j vd; neQ;rpNy mUl; ghh;itapidf; fhl;b xspju me;j QhapW Nghd;wtUf;F mUspy;iyNa! rhd;NwhNu> ehd; vd;d nra;Ntd;? vd;W jiytd; Gyk;G epiyapy; ,g;ghly; mike;Js;sJ. mjhtJ> tPuj;jpy; rpwj;J ngUkpjj;NjhL ,Uf;ff;$ba jiytd; kly; kh tsh;j;J nrd;W> mt&h; kd;wj;jpNy epd;W ghbdhd;. Cuh;fs; gopj;J NgRthh;fs; vd;w nra;jpf;F mQ;rhky; jiytd; kly; VWfpwhd;. mQ;r jf;fd fz;L mQ;rhik vd;w ,lj;jpy; nka;g;ghL jWf;fz;ik ntspg;gLfpwJ.

,irik:

         ,d;gKk; nghUSk; kpFjpahff; fpilj;jhYk; gopnahL tUtd nra;ahik. ,JNt Gfo; vdg;gLk;.

         

          “gdp ,UQ;Nrhiy> vkpak; vd;dhy;

          jPq;F nra;jidNa> <q;F te;NjhNa

          ehs; ,ilg;gbd;> vd;Njhop thohs;

          njhspil Kaf;fk; ePAk; nta;ia

          fopaf; fhjyh; MapDk;> rhd;Nwhh;

          gopnahL tUck; ,d;gk; nt/fhh;

          tpiuapd; vtNdh? thd;Njha; ntw;g”

                                  (mfk;-112)

          fstpd;wpj; jiytDk; jiytpAk;,ize;J tho;tNj fw;G kzkhFk;. jiytDk;> jiytpAk; fsT tho;fifapNy fhyq;flj;Jfpd;wdh;. mjid mwpe;J Njhop ,uTf; Fwpapy; jiytpiar; re;jpf;f tUk; jiytid Nehf;fp rhd;Nwhh; gopNahL gluh ,d;gj;ijj;jhd; Nehf;fp ehSk; tpUk;gp eP tpiutpy; jiytpia kze;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vdf; $Wtij mwpayhk;. ,uT Neuj;Jf; nfhba topapd; fz; tUfpd;w cdf;Fj; Jd;gk; VJk; Vw;gLkhdhy; jiytpAk; caph; ePg;ghs;. mt;topg; gpwg;gNj ngUk;gop. Mjypd; jiytpia kze;Jnfhs;f my;yJ ,t;tnthOfyhw;wpidf; iftpLf vdj; Njhop $Wtij mwpayhk;. ,t;thW jiytd; jdf;F goptUk; vd;w epiyia czh;e;J jd; jd;ikia khw;wpf;nfhs;Sjy; ,jd; %yk; nka;g;ghL Gfo; %yk; ntspg;gLfpwJ.

nfhil:

         capUk; clk;Gk; cWg;Gk; Kjyhfpa vy;yhg; nghUSk; nfhLj;jy;.

          fOfplkpUe;J Gwh xd;W jg;gp rpgp vDk;kd;ddplk; milf;fyk; GFe;jJ. mjidj; njhlh;e;J fOF mg;Gwhit Ntz;l> mjd; vilf;Fj; jf;fj; jd; jiria mhpe;J ju Kad;whd; rpgp kd;dd;. ,Wjpapy; Gwhtpd; vilAld; Neh; epy;yhjjhy; jhNd Jiyj;jl;by; Vwpdhd;. gpw caph;fsplj;Jk; ,j;jifa mUSs;sk; cilatd; rpgp kd;dd;. ,jid

         

          “Gs;cW Gd;fz; jPh;j;j nts;Nty;” vdg; GwehD}w;Wg; ghlybfs; czh;j;Jfpd;wd.

          ,r;nra;jp kl;Lky;yhJ gwk;G kiyia Mz;l FWepy kd;dd; ghhp. mtd; tz;Lfs; cz;Zk;gb ey;y kyh;fspd; %yk;> Njidr; rpe;jpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; Rug; Gd;id kuq;fs; epiwe;j neLtopapNy rpwpa kyh;fSila Ky;iyf; nfhbnahd;W gw;wpg; gluf; nfhk;gpd;wp jtpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. mijf; fz;lTld; jhd; Vwpte;j nghpa Njhpid mk;Ky;iyf; nfhb glUk;gb mjd; mUfpNyNa epWj;jp itj;jhd; vd;gij>

          “RUk;Gd

          eWtP ciwf;Fk; ehf neUtopr;

          rpWtP Ky;iyf;Fg; ngUe;Njh; ey;fpa

          gpwq;F nts;sUtp tPOk; rhuy;

          kwk;gpd; Nfhkhd; ghhpAk;”

                                  (rpWghz;.87-91)

          vd;w mbfs; XuwpTapuhd Ky;iyf; nfhbkPJ ghhp nfhz;l ,uf;f czh;it ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. ,t;thW nfhilj;jd;ik fhuzkhfTk; nka;g;ghl;bd; jd;ik ngUkpjk; ntspg;gLk;.

KbTiu:

          “ca;j;Jzh;tpd;wpj jiytU nghUshd;

          nka;g;gl Kbg;gJ nka;g;ghlhFk;”

          vdj; njhy;fhg;gpah; nra;AWg;ghfpa nka;g;ghl;il tpsf;Ffpwhh;. thrfh;fSf;Fg; nghUs; jhNd Gyg;gLkhW ntspg;glr; nra;tJ nka;g;ghnld;gh;. ngUkpjk; gw;wpa nka;g;ghl;L El;gj;ij rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs; rpwg;ghf vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wd. ,t;ntspg;ghL kdpjdplj;jpy; kl;Lk; md;W> tpyq;F> gwit> XuwpT caphpdq;fs; Nghd;w midj;J caph;fsplj;Jk; ntspg;gLk; vd;gij mwpaKbfpwJ.