வள்ளுவம் உணர்த்தும் மனிதனுக்கும் பொருளுக்கும் உள்ள உறவு

                                                                                          -1-

ts;Stk; czh;j;Jk; kdpjDf;Fk; nghUSf;Fk; cs;scwT

                         jpUkjp.R. nja;tuj;jpdh>vk;.V>vk;/gpy;>

                   jkpo;j;Jiw cjtpg; Nguhrphpah;>

               njhd; Ngh];Nfh fiy kw;Wk; mwptpay; fy;Y}hp

         

Kd;Diu :

jpUts;StUila nghUspay; fUj;Jf;fs; Vw;wj;j jho;tw;w rKjhaj;ijg; gilf;fty;yit: ‘vy;Nyhh;f;Fk; vy;yhk; fpilf;f Ntz;Lk;’ vd;w Fwpf;Nfhis eilKiwg;gLj;jj; jFe;jitahFk;. kdpjDila Njitfisg; g+h;j;jp nra;tjw;Fg; ‘nghUs; mtrpakhd xd;whfj; jpfo;fpd;wJ’ vd;gjid ehtyh;>

                                    “mUspy;yhh;f;F mt;Tyfk; ,y;iy nghUspy;yhh;f;F

 ,t;Tyfk; ,y;yhfp ahq;F”(Fws; 247)

vDk; Fws;top tpsf;fpAs;shh;.

kdpjDila Jd;gj;jpidAk; ftiyiaAk; Nghf;Ffpd;w rhjdkhfNt kdpjDf;Fg; nghUs; cwthfNt njhlh;e;J gazpf;fpwJ. nghUspay; vd;gJ mwtpay; MFk;. mwk; vd;w fUtpiaf; nfhz;L Gul;rp nra;J nghUs; vDk; gyidg; ngWtjw;Ff;  fskhfNt ts;Stg; ngUe;jifapd;  nghUspay; fUj;Jf;fs; cyfg;nghJkiwahk; jpUf;Fwspy; nghjpe;Js;sJ. ,dp ts;Stj;jpy;  kdpjDf;Fk; nghUSf;Fk; cs;s cwtpidg; gw;wp fPNo fhz;Nghk;.

“nghUs;”tiuaiw :

Mlk;];kpj;(AdamSmith) vDk; Nkdhl;L mwpQh; “xUehl;bd; cw;gj;jpf;F ‘epyk;’ (land)> ‘ciog;G’ (Labour)>‘Kjy;’ (capital)vDk; Kf;fpa fhuzpfshf tpsq;Ffpd;wd” vd;ghh;. ‘epyk;’  vd;Dk; fhuzp ,aw;ifahff; fhzg;gLtJk; >,iwtdhy; gilf;fg;gl;ljhFk;;  ‘Kjy;’ vd;Dk; fhuzp kdpj rf;jpahy; gilf;fg;gLfpd;wJ;

‘ciog;G’ vd;Dk; fhuzp kdpjDila Kaw;rpahy; mikf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ‘Kjy;’vdg;gLk; fhuzp nghUs; kdpj tho;f;ifapd; ,af;fj;jpw;F mq;fkhfNt tpsq;Ffpd;wJ vdyhk;.

xU rpwe;j rKjhaj;jpw;Fj; Njitahd rpy mbg;gilg; nghUs; rhh;e;j newpKiwfisj; jpUf;Fwspy; ts;Sth; tFj;jspf;fpwhh;. kdpjNdhL nghUs; rhh;e;j cwtpidr; rKjha $l;Ltho;tpaiy (politio economic sociology) mwpTg+h;tkhfg; Ghpa itf;fpwJ Fws;.

“kdpjj; Njitfis epiwNtw;wf; $ba Mw;wy; tsk; nfhz;l vy;yhg; ghpkhw;w kjpg;Gf; nfhz;l top tiffisg; ‘nghUs;’ (material wealth) vd;Nw N[.vd;. fPd;]; (j.n.keynes)  tpsf;fk; jUfpwhh;.

kdpjDf;Fk;nghUSf;Fk; cs;scwT:

    kdpjd; ,aw;if je;j ePh;tsj;Jld; jhDk; Kad;W cioj;J> ciog;gpd; gaidj; jhd; Efh;e;J gyUf;Fk; gfph;e;J mspj;Jg; gyiuAk; Efur; nra;j kdpj tho;f;ifiag; gw;wpa Muha;r;rpNa ‘nghUs;’ MFk;.

     Mjpfhyk; njhl;Nl kdpjDila tho;f;if ‘Njly;’ vd;w tl;lj;jpw;Fs; Rw;wpj; jphpe;Jf; nfhz;L ,Ue;jJ. ,jdhy; kdpjd; czT> cil> ciwAs; %d;Wk; Njly; vd;w tl;lj;jpypUe;J jdf;Fj; Njit vd;gij czh;e;J nfhz;lhd;. vdNt jd;Dila nrhe;j Kaw;rpapdhy; cztpid cw;gj;jp nra;aj; njhlq;fpdhd;. gpwF gz;l khw;wKiwahy; jdf;Fj; Njitahd gpwg; nghUisAk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhd;. gz;lkhw;W Kiw ed;whfg; gad;glhJ vd;gij czh;e;J gzk; vDk; fUtpid cUthf;fpf; nfhz;lhd;. gzj;jpd; epiyapy;yhj kjpg;gpidAk; kdpjd; czh;e;J nfhz;lhd;. nghUs;

vDk; gyj;jpd; JizNahLjd; Njitiag; g+h;j;jpr; nra;J nfhz;lhd;. gzj;jpd; epiyapy;yhj kjpg;gpidAk;  kdpjd; czh;e;J nfhz;lhd;.   nghUspidg; gpwUf;Fk;

nfhLj;J cjtpfs; gy nra;Jk; tho;e;J te;jhd;. Gpwiu thor; nra;tjw;Fk; kdpj ,dNk epyj;jpy; fhy; nfhz;L thOk; tifiaAk; fz;lhd;. ,jd; %yNk nghUs; Njhw;wk; ngw;wJ.

     nghUshdJ ehl;bd; tsh;r;rpiag; gw;wp MuhAk; mwptpay; md;W. ‘ahJk; CNu ahtUk; NfsPh;’ vd;w gue;jkdk; nfhz;L cyfj;J kf;fs; midtUk; xUq;fpize;J tho;tjw;F top tFf;Fk; xU tpQ;Qhdpahf khwp kdpjNdhL cwthf khwptpl;lJ.

     gz;ilf; fhyj;jpy; ,aw;ifapy; Njha;e;J> ,aw;if je;j tsj;ij Muj;Ja;j;Jg; grpiag; Nghf;fp te;jikahy;> mth;fSf;Fg; nghUs; vd;d vd;gJ gw;wpa rpe;jid ,y;yhky;  ,Ue;jJ. mNjhL cyfj;jpy; md;W tho;e;Njhh; midtUNk nghUshdJ epiyahikf; nfhz;lJ vd;gij kdjpy; epWj;jp> ,wf;Fk; NghJ ahUk; ve;jg; nghUisAk; cld; nfhz;L Nghf KbahJ vd;W $wp te;jdh;. ,e;jg; Nghf;Nf kdpjNdhL nghUs; nfhz;l cwTepiy ntspg;gLfpwJ.

     “tho;f;if ,iy cjph;tijg; Nghy cjph;e;J NghFk;”  vd;gJ N`hkhpd; fUj;jhFk;. tptpypaj;jpYk; “kz;zpypUe;J te;j ehk; kz;Zf;Nf jpUk;gTk; nry;Nthk;” (Dust thou art, dust thou shall return to) (Genesis 3:19) vd;w vfpg;J ehl;Lg;gonkhopAk; kdpjdpd; nghUs; rhh;e;j cwT kdepiyiaj; njs;nsdf; fhl;bepw;fpd;wd.

    

nghJthf ehl;bd; nkhj;jtUkhdk; - tUtha; - ngUfNtz;Lk; vd;Nw gyh; epidj;jdh;. Mdhy; kdpjDf;Fg; nghUs; rhh;e;j cwT vg;gb ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gijNa ts;Stg; ngUe;jif mwj;jpdpd;W  ghUisr;  Nrfhpf;f   Ntz;Lnkd;fpwhh;.

cyfpy; nghUis> murNdh> jdpkdpjNdh mwnewpapy; epd;W xOfhky; gzj;ijj; jpul;lyhkh? vd;w tpdhtpw;F ehtyh; nghUs; kdpjNdhL mUNshLk; md;nghLk; kl;LNk nghUe;Jk; tifapy; jpul;lNtz;Lk; vd;w cwtpidNa>

“mUNshLk; md;NghLk;  thuhg; nghUshf;fk;

 Gy;yhh; Gus tply; ”(Fws; 755)

ts;Stg; ngUe;jif kdpjNdhL nghUs; cwthfj; njhlh;e;J tUtjhf etpd;Ws;shh;.

     NkYk; jpUts;Stg; ngUe;jif nghUs; gw;wpa fUj;ijj; jkpo;kiwapy; tpsf;fpAs;s ghq;fpidg; ghh;j;jhy; nghUspdhy; cz;lhFk; rpwg;ig Nkd;ikg;gLj;jpf; fhl;Ltjhf tpsq;FfpwJ. kdpjDf;Fg; nghUs; rhh;e;j cwthdJ xUtdpd; tho;T ,k;ikapYk; kWikapYk; nghUshl;rpapdhy; nghUs; Nghw;Wk; KiwahYk;> fhj;Jg; gpwUf;F tFj;Jf; nfhLf;Fk; jd;ikahYk; nghUisg; ngw;Wr; rpwg;ghf thoyhk; vd;Nw tpsk;Gfpwhh;. ts;Sth;.

     mjdhy; mwk;> nghUs;> ,d;gk; >tPL ehd;fpw;Fk; nghUs; mtrpakhd xd;whfj; jpfo;fpd;wJ. kdpjdhdtd; ed;ndwpapy; nghUisg; ngw;whnddpy; midj;Jk; (nghUs;> ,d;gk;> tPL ) fpilj;JtpLk; vd;gij ehtyh; >

                “xz;nghUs; fho;g;g ,aw;wpahh;f;Fvz;nghUs;

               Vid ,uz;Lk; xUq;F” (Fws; 760)

vDk; Fwspd; top etpd;Ws;shh;.

nghUNshL kdpjDf;F cs;s cwthdJ Kw;Wk; Kbe;j Kbthff; fUjtpy;iy. mJ xU fUtpahfNt ,Uf;fpd;wJ. Mdhy; kdpjd; ‘nghUs;jidg; Nghw;wp tho;’ vd;W Mj;jpr;#bapy; xsitahh; $wpaJ NghyNt nghUs; kdpjNdhL cwthfg; gazpf;fpwJ.

     nghUspid kdpjdhdtd; mwj;jpd; top ngw;whnddpy; mtDf;Fg; nghUs; mwj;ijAk; nfhLf;Fk;; : ,d;gj;ijAk; nfhLf;Fk; vd;gij>

                    “mwd;<Dk; ,d;gKk; <Dk; jpwdwpe;J

                   jPjpd;wpte;jnghUs;”  (Fws; )                             

vDk; Fwspd; top nghUshdJ kdpj cwNthL njhlh;G cilajhf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.

     NkYk; kdpjNdhL nghUs; cwthdJ tho;f;ifiar; Ritj;J tho;tjw;Fk; >gyh; kj;jpapy; kjpg;Gld; tho;tjw;Fk; mtrpakhdjhfg; nghUs; jpfo;fpwJ. nghUs; iftrk; ,y;yhjtid ,y;yhSk; Ntz;lhs;;; ngw;nwLj;jj; jhAk; Ntz;lhs;. nghUs; ,y;yhjtd; kw;w vy;yh Fzq;fSk; ngw;wpUe;jhYk; ,fo;th;> Mdhy; nry;tiug; gpw ey;y Fzk; ,y;yhtpl;lhYk; rpwg;Gr; nra;th; vd;gijNa>

“,y;yhiuvy;yhUk; vs;Sth;nry;tiu

 vy;yhUk; nra;th;rpwg;G”  (Fws; - 752)

vDk; Fwshy; ehtyh; kdpjNdhL nghUs; neUq;fpa cwT nfhz;L jpfo;tjhf etpd;Ws;shh;.

     nghUshdJ gyk; nfhz;lNjhL Mw;wyhf kdpjNdhL nray;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. “ths; vl;bdkl;Lk; ghAk;> gzk; ghjhsk; tiu ghAk;” vDk; KJnkhopAk; nghUspd; rpwg;gpid vLj;Jiuf;fpwJ. ‘jpUts;StUf;Fg; nghUs; kjpg;gpid kl;Lk; <l;bj; jUfpd;w xd;W md;W. kdmikjpiaf; nfhLf;Fk; nghUs;’ vd;W ngd;`hk; $wpAs;shh;.

     ts;Sthpd; ‘nghUs; nray;tif’ vDk; mjpfhuk; nghUspDila Njitfspd; jd;ikfis tpsf;Fk; tifapy; mike;Js;sJ. nghUs; vd;Dk; fhuzp xt;nthU kdpjDf;Fk; mj;jpahtrpakhd xd;whf cwT nfhs;fpwJ. xUtUf;Fg; nghUs; vd;w gyk; Jiz epw;ftpy;iy vd;why; mtid ahUk; kjpf;fkhl;lhh;fs;. ,jidNa

“nghUsy;ytiug; nghUshfr; nra;Ak;

nghUsy;yJ ,y;iynghUs;”  (Fws;- 751)

vDk; Fwspd; %yk; etpd;Ws;shh;.    

nghUshdJ kdpjdpd; cwNthL Nrh;e;jjhy;> mtd; ey;topapy; kl;LNk nghUis <l;Ljy; vd;gJk; mtDf;F tpjpj;j tpjpfspy; xd;whFk; vd;gjidNa

                                                “gopkiye;Jva;jpaMf;fj;jpd;rhd;Nwhh;

 fopey; FuNtjiy”  (Fws; - 657)

nghUspd; rpwg;gpid kdpjcwNthL njhlh;Gilajhf mikj;Js;shh;.

     kdpjDf;Fg; nghUs; kPJs;s gw;wpid khw;Wk; nghUl;L ts;Sth; epiyahik fUj;jpidAk; czh;j;Jk; tpjj;jpy; etpd;Ws;shh;. nghUshdJ epiyahikj; jd;ikf; nfhz;lJ; fhyj;jhy; mopaf; $baJ vd;Wk; $wpAs;shh;. NkYk; xUtd; tUtha;f;F Vw;gg; gpwUf;Fg; nghUisf; nfhLj;J cjtNtz;Lk;. Vnddpy; nghUisg; ghJfhj;J elf;Fk; topKiwAk; ,JNtMFk;.

KbTiu:

     mwtopapy; <l;Lk; nghUs; kl;LNk epiyj;J epw;Fk;. Mifahy;> kdpjDf;F mwj;jpd; jd;ikiaAk;> mwj;jpd; top nghUs; Nrh;g;gijr; nrhy;YtJk; ts;Sthpd; Fws;top gadspg;gjhf mike;Js;sJ. nry;tk; gpwiuAk; thoitj;J tWikapy; thLNthUf;Fk; cjtpLk; tifapYk; tho;tNj nghUs; gilj;jtdpd; flikahFk;. Mifahy; ts;Sth; kdpjDf;Fk; nghUSf;Fk; cs;s cwT cyfj;jpy; ngUk;ghd;ikAld; jpfo;e;J tUtjhf etpd;wpUg;gJ cz;ikNa!