இடைக்காலத் தமிழ்ச்சமூகத்தில் கல்விப்புலங்களும் ஆசிரியர்- மாணாக்கர் உறவும்

,ilf;fhyj; jkpo;r;r%fj;jpy; fy;tpg;Gyq;fSk; Mrpupah;- khzhf;fh; cwTk;

Nrh. ,yf;fpah>

Kidth;gl;l Ma;thsh;>jkpo; cauha;T ikak;>

ghj;jpkh fy;Y}up>kJiu -18.

Kd;Diu:

      jkpo;r;r%fk; gz;ghl;L tsq;fSld;> nrOikahd ,yf;fpaq;fSk;> ,yf;fzq;fSk;> tho;tpay; rhu;e;j tpOkpaq;fSk; cs;slf;fpa njhy; r%fk; MFk;. fhye;NjhWk; epfo;e;j gz;ghl;L Clhl;lq;fspy; jk; ,dk; rhu;e;j ek;gpf;iffs;> xOfyhWfs; Kjypadtw;iw kughfg; gpd;gw;wpa ,dkhfj; jkpo;,dk; tuyhw;wpy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. xU r%fj;jpd; xOfyhWfs; mr;r%f kf;fspd; tho;tpaypy; gpd;gw;wg;gl;L> ehsiltpy; tpjpahf;fkhf fl;likf;fg;gLfpwJ. mj;jd;ikapy; kf;fspd; xOf;ftpay; rhu;e;j gz;GfSk;> ePjprhu; NghjidfSk;> fy;tpAk; fl;likf;fg;gLfpd;wd. fy;tp vDk; mikg;gpd; ,aq;fpayhd fw;gpj;jy;> fw;wy;> gpd;gw;wy;Kiwfs;> vz;vOj;J gw;wpa mwpT Nghjidahf kl;Lk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. r%fj;jpy; rpwe;j kdpjid cUthf;fTk; MSikj;jpwid tsg;gLj;Jk; rpe;jidfis tpijf;Fk; mikg;ghfTk; nray;gl;lJ. mj;jd;ikapy; fy;tpg;Gyk; vDk; mikg;G rhu;e;j newpfSk;> mtw;wpd; Kjd;ikahd myFfshfg; Nghw;wg;gLk; Mrpupau;-khzhf;fu; mtu;jk; cwTKiw> fw;gpj;jypy; gpd;gw;wg;glNtz;ba newpfis Gyikahf;fg; gilg;ghd ed;D}y; Fwpg;gpLtjid tpsf;Fjy; ,f;fl;Liuapd; Nehf;fk; MFk;.

fy;tpg;GyKk; tpOkpaq;fSk;

     gz;gl;l r%fk; vDk; milahsk; mjd; ,aq;fpaypy; vt;tsT ed;ndwpfisg; gpd;gw;WfpwJ vd;gjidf; nfhz;L mwpag;gLfpwJ.mj;jd;ikapy; r%fj;jpd; tpOkpaq;fSf;F ed;ndwpfNs fhuzkhf mikfpd;wd. tpOkpak; cila r%fk; fy;tp vDk; jsj;jpNy fl;likf;fg;gLfpwJ. fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy;  njhopw;ghl;by; nkhopf;fy;tp> njhopw;fy;tp kl;Lkpd;wp kdpjd; r%fj;jpy; gpd;gw;wNtz;ba ey;xOf;fq;fSk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. fy;tpg;Gyj;jpy;jhd; Vw;wj; jho;Tfs; kwf;fg;gLfpd;wd. xg;GuTk;> kdpjNeaKk;> kjpg;gPLfSk; epiwe;j gz;Gfs; fw;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. fy;tp vd;w xd;whNy jhd; xU r%fj;jpy; kdpjd; Nkdpiyg; ngw KbAk; vd;gjid gz;ila ,yf;fpaKk;

“fPo;g;ghy; xUtd; fw;gpd;

        Nkw;ghy; mtd;fz; gLNk ” (Gwk;)

      vd;W Rl;LfpwJ. fw;wfy;tp %yk; ngw;w mwpthy; jdpkdpjd; tpOkpaq;fSld; tho Kw;gLtJld; r%fj;jpw;fhd mwj;jpidAk; Kd;nkhopa KbAk;. fy;tpg;Gyj;jpy; r%fj;jpw;fhd tpOkpaq;fs; kl;Lk; gpd;gw;wg;gLtjpy;iy. khwhf fy;tpg;Gyk; nray;glTk;>mjd; J}z;fshd Mrpupau;-khztu;> mtu;fSf;fhd %yjdkhd E}y;fs; KjypadTk; vj;jd;ikapy; ,aq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gjidAk; tpsf;Ffpd;wd. ,f; fy;tpg;Gyk; rhu;e;j tpOkpaq;fis Nrhou;fhyj;jpa ,yf;fzE}yhd ed;D}y; jk; tpjpahf;f kughf jkpo;r; r%fj;jpw;F Kd;nkhope;Js;sJ. Vwf;Fiwa> ed;D}yhu; fhyj;jpw;F Kd;gpUe;Nj fy;tpg;Gyk; rhu;e;j xOfyhWfs; kughf gpd;gw;wg;gl;L te;Js;sd. ,jd; gjpthf;fj; njhlu;r;rpia ,iwadhu; mfg;nghUspy; fhzyhk;. mj;jd;ikapy; Mrpupau; - khzhf;fu;f;fhd tpOkpaq;fs;> E}yhf;fj;jpd; NghJ gpd;gw;w Ntz;ba newpfs; Kjyhdit ,yf;fzj;jpy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd.

,ilf;fhyj; jkpo;r; r%fj;jpy; cau;fy;tpAk; fy;tpg;Gyq;fSk;

,ilf;fhy jkpo;r;r%fj;jpy; nkhopf; fy;tpahdJ rk];f;Uj Nkdpiyahf;fk; rhu;e;jjhf ,Ue;Js;sJ. Nfhtpy;> klq;fs; Kjyhd rkak; rhu;e;j ,lq;fspy; fy;tpahdJ fw;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. gpuhkzu;fs; ,ytrkhfj; jq;fpf; fy;tp fw;f  ‘fbif’ vDk; fy;tp epWtdq;fs; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. fhQ;rpGuj;jpy; fbif vDk;  ngaupy; kpfg; ngupa fy;tp epWtdk; ,aq;fpaijf; ‘fy;tpapy; fiuapyhf; fhQ;rp khefuk;’ vDk; mg;gu; thf;fhy; mwpa KbfpwJ. Nrhou; fhyj;jpy; rk];f;Ujk; fw;wy; mjpf tof;fpy; ,Ue;jijAk; mf;fw;wy; Kiwf;Fr; Nrho muR nghUs; cjtp nra;jijAk; vz;zapuk;>jpupGtdk;>fd;dpahFkup Kjyhd Cu;fspy; ,Ue;J fpilj;Js;s mf;fhyj;jpy; ntl;lg; ngw;w fy;ntl;Lfs; top mwpa KbfpwJ.

ed;D}y; Rl;Lk; MrpupaUf;fhd newpfs;

“Mrpupad; vd;Nghd; mwNthd;” vd;gJ Md;Nwhu; thf;F. mj;jd;ikapy; r%fj;jpw;F mLj;j jiyKiwis cUthf;Fk; Gyikahf;f MSikfNs Mrpupau; Mthu;. mj;jd;ikapy; Mrpupad; vdg;gLgtd; ew;Fyj;jpddhfTk;> mUSk;> nja;tek;gpf;ifAk;> fw;wf; fiyapy; njspTk>; NkYk; epyk; Nghd;w nghWikAk;> khztdpd; Kaw;rpf;Nfw;g gaid ey;FgtuhfTk; Mrpupad; nray;gl Ntz;Lk; vdTk; kiy Nghd;w kd cWjpAk; cilatuhfj; jpfo Ntz;Lk; vd;W ed;D}yhu; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;. ,jid

“Fyd;>mUs;>nja;tk;>nfhs;if>Nkd;ik

        fiygapy; njspT>fl;Liu td;ik

        epyk;> kiy> epiwNfhy;> kyu;epfu; khl;rpAk;

        cyfpay; mwpNthL cau;Fzk; ,izaTk;

        mikgtd; E}y;ciu Mrpup ad;Nd”  (ed; - 26)

cz;ikia njsptpf;f eLTepiyAld; nray;gLk; epiwNfhy;Nghy; khztupd; Iak; jPu;j;jiyAk; eLTepiyAld; Nkw;nfhs;s  Ntz;Lk; vd;W Mrpupadpd; jFjpepiyapid ed;D}y; ctkpf;fpd;wJ.mj;Jld; khztu;fSf;F ghlk; fw;gpf;Fk; NghJ mf kyu;r;rpAlDk;> Kf kyu;r;rpAlDk; kyu; Nghd;W nkd;ikahd mZFKiwapy; fw;gpf;Fk; gzpia Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;W ed;D}yhu; tpsf;Ffpd;whu;.

     Mrpupad; vdg;gLNthd; gpd;gw;wNtz;ba newpfisr; Rl;ba ed;D}yhu; Xu; Mrpupadplk; ,Uf;ff;$lhj gz;Gfshd fw;gpf;Fk; ,ay;G ,y;yhik> ,ope;j Fzq;fshd nghwhik>Mir> tQ;rid> mr;rk;> Kjypad Mrpupauplk; ,Uf;ff; $lhjit vd;W tifg;gLj;Jfpd;whu;. ,jid ed;D}y; tpjpahf;fj;jpy;

“nkhop Fzk; ,d;ikAk; ,opFz ,ay;Gk;

          mOf;fhW mth tQ;rk; mr;rk; MlYk;

          ----------------------------------------------

          cilNahu; ,yuhrpupau; MFjNy”  (ed; -31 )

vd;W vLj;Jiuf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

ed;D}y; Rl;Lk; khzhf;fu;f;fhd newpfs;

,ilf;fhy fy;tpg;Gyr; nray;ghLfspy; ghlk; Nfl;gjw;F cupNahuhd khzhf;fu;fis  ed;D}y; tupirg;gLj;JfpwJ. Mrpupadpd; kfd;> murdpd; kfd;> nghUs; kpFjpahff; nfhLg;gtd;>  tpiuthf fw;Fk; Mw;wy; cilNahd;  ,tu;fs; kl;LNk fy;tp fw;gjw;F cupNahuhf fUjg;gl;ldu;. Nrhou;fspd; gue;J gl;l murpay;Gyk;  jkpo;r;r%fj;jpy; gd;kpa nkhopr; #oiy cUthf;fpaJ.  murpay; njhlu;G nkhopahf rk];f;Ujk; fhzg;gl;lJ. ,jdhy; tsk; gilj;Njhu;f;F cupajhf fy;tp epWtdtag;gl;ljhf mike;jpUe;jJ

rkak; rhu;e;j klq;fspy; Nghjpf;fg;gl;ljhy; xOf;f newpfs; gpd;gw;wg;gl;ld. mj;jd;ikapy; fs; cz;gtd;> Nrhk;gy; cilatd;> fhk vz;zk; cilatd;> jpULgtd;> gpzpAilatd;> gioa E}y;fisf; fz;L mQ;Rgtd;> ngha; $Wgtd;> KjyhNdhu; khztu;f;fhd jFjpaw;wtu; vd;W ed;D}yhu; Rl;Lfpd;whu;.

ghlk; fw;gpj;jy; kuGk; - Mrpupau;> khzhf;fu; cwTKiwAk;

Mrpupadplk; ghlk; fw;f nry;Yk; khzhf;fd; Neuj;Jld; nrd;W Mrpupaiu tzq;fp glk; fw;f Ntz;Lk.; Mrpupahpd; Fzj;jpw;F Vw;gg; gofp mtuJ Fwpg;gpid  mwpe;J mf;Fwpg;gpd;gb ele;J nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;.  NkYk; Mrphpau; ,U vd;W $wpagpd; ,Ue;J> gb vd;W Mrpupau; $wpagpd; gbf;f Ntz;Lk;. vd;W ed;D}y; Rl;Lfpd;wJ. ,jid

“Nfhly; kuNg  $Wq;fhiy

       nghOnjhL nrd;W topgly; Kdpahd;

       Fzj;njhL gofp mtd; Fwpg;gpy; rhu;e;j

       ,U vd,Ue;J> nrhy;vdr; nrhy;yp

       gUFtd; md;d Mu;tj;jd; Mfpr;

       rpj;jpug; ghitapd; mj;jfT mlq;fpr;

       nrtp thahf neQ;R fsdhff;

       Nfl;lit Nfl;lit tplhJ csj;J mikj;Jg;

       Nghvdg; Nghjy; vd;kdhu; Gytu;” (ed;D}y; - 40)

Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l ghlQ;nrhy;Yk; Kiwapy;  Mrpupau; topgLNthuhf rpj;jupf;fg;gLfpwhu;. MrpupaUld; goFtjw;F mjpfg;gbahd fl;Lg;ghLfs; ,Ue;Js;s jd;ikAk; fhzg;gl;ljid mwpa Kbfpd;wJ.  Mrpupauplk; ghlk; fw;Fk; NghJ Ik;Gy mlf;fj;NjhL  ghlk; fw;f Ntz;Lk;. vdTk; nrtpNa thahfTk; neQ;Nr fsdhfTk; nfhz;L ghlk; Nfl;f Ntz;Lk; vdTk; ePu; Ntl;ifAilatd; ePupd; kPJ vt;tpjk; tpUg;gj;Jld; ,Uf;fpd;whNdh mj;jd;ikapy;  Mrpupauplk; ghlk; Nfl;f tpUg;gKilatu;fshf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. vdTk; $wg;gLfpd;w jd;ik Mrpupauplk; khztu; neUq;Ftjw;fhd #oiy  fl;;Lg;ghLfSld; md;iwa  fy;tpg;Gyq;fs; fl;likj;jpUe;jikia  mwpa Kbfpd;wJ.

E}y; gapy;jypy; Mrpupah;> rf khztu; cwTepiy 

fy;tpr; rhiyfspy; kdg;ghlf; fy;tpNa tof;fpy; ,Ue;jJ. Mrpupau; $Wk; NghJ  khzhf;fu;fs; kdj;jpy; ,Wj;jp fw;wdu; ,jid “ Nfl;lit  Nfl;lit tplhJ csj;J mikj;J” vd;ghu; ed;D}yhu;. Mrpupau; $wpatw;iw  rpe;jpj;J> kdjpy; gjpa itj;J kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; gapw;rp nra;jdu;. jd;NdhL fw;Fk; khztu;fNshL tpthjpj;J Iaj;ij ePf;fp fw;wdu;. jhd; fw;wij rf khzhf;fu;f;F fw;Wj; jUtjd; %yk; jkJ mwpahik ePq;Fk; vdTk; ed;D}yhu; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;. ,jid

“mt;tpidahsu;xL gapy;tif xUfhy;

        nrt;tpjpd; ciug;g mt;,U fhYk;

        ikmW Gyik khz;G cilj;J MFk;”  (ed; -45)

vd rf khzf;fu;f;F fw;Wj; jUtjd; %yk; fw;Fk; ,lj;jpy; RKfkhd #oiyAk; > khzhf;fhpilNa  cwT Nkk;gLtjid Cf;Ftpj;Jk; md;iwa fy;tpKiw nray;gl;l jd;ikapid mwpa Kbfpd;wJ. xU E}iygapy;gtd;  Mrpupauplk; xUKiw Nfl;Lzu;e;J fw;why; gpioapd;wpAk;> %d;W Kiw Nfl;Lzu;e;jhy;  Mrpupau; fw;gpj;j Kiwikia jhDk; czu;e;jtdhfj; jpfo;thd; vd;W ed;D}yhu; Fwpg;gpLtjd; top Mrpupau; ghlk; fw;gpg;gjpy; ty;ytuhf jpfopDk; khzhf;fd; mtiur; rhu;e;J kl;LNk fy;tpawpit ngw KbAk; vd mf;fhy fy;tpaikg;G nray;gl;l jd;ikia mwpa Kbfpd;wJ.

Mrpupaiu topgLk; Kiw   

Mrpupauplk; khzhf;fd;  Fspu; fha;gtd; neUg;gplk; goFtJ Nghy;  neUq;fhkYk>; ePq;fhkYk;  ,Ug;gJ Nghy;  Mrpupaiu neUg;ngd fUjp goFjy; Ntz;Lk;. epoiyg; Nghy; Mrpupaiu tpl;L tpyfhJ  md;Gs;sj;Jld; Mrpupaupd; kdj;jpw;fpdpatuhf ele;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;W ed;D}yhu; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.

“moypd; ePq;fhd; mZfhd; mQ;rp

      epoypd; ePq;fhd; epiwe;j neQ;rnkhL

      vj;jpwj;J Mrhd; ctf;Fk; mj;jpwk;

      mwj;jpd; jpupahg; glu;r;rp topghNl”   ( ed; -46)

,j;jd;ik  khzhf;fu; Mrpupauplk; cau;e;j kjpg;Gld; gofp te;Js;s jd;ikia vLj;jpak;Gfpd;wJ.

KbTiu

 ,ilf;fhy jkpo;r; r%fj;jpy; fy;tpahdJ epWtdtag;gl;l rkar; rhu;Gld; ,aq;fpaJ. ed;D}ypid ,aw;wpatu; gtze;jp vDk; rkz Kdptu;. Mrpupadhy; cUthf;fg;gLk; gilg;ghf;fj;jpy; gilg;ghspapd; rhu;Gj;jd;;ik  fhzg;gLk;. mj;;jd;ikap;y; ed;D}y; rkzr;rhu;Gila fy;tp epWtdkhd fbiffspy; gpd;gw;wg;gl;l xOfyhWfis tpsf;FfpwJ. ,e;E}ypy; Fwpg;gplg;gLk; Mrpupau; - khzhf;fu; cwT KiwahdJ  fl;Lg;ghLfs; epiwe;j rkar;rhu;gpdjhf fl;likf;fg;gl;l jd;ikapid mwpa Kbfpd;wJ.